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A Brief Guide To Copyright LegalitiesCopyright has been a much-contested issue in private business, government and educational institutions since the first strict laws were passed in the early 20th century. Following copyright law can be a tricky and confusing mire of exceptions and limitations, so we present to you here a simple guide to what you legally can and can’t do with URJ Press and Transcontinental Music Publications books and recordings. When is making a copy of a published and copyrighted audio CD legal and when is it not? As a purchaser of the audio CD (no matter the content), you (or your institution) have the right to make one copy for your reference or back-up needs, unless you have received written permission from the publisher or copyright holder. Therefore, if you require multiple copies for a learning center, members of a group or any other use, you must by law purchase exactly the necessary number of CD’s. You may not distribute your legal copy – it is for your own use. However, you may copy the content onto whichever format you choose – cassette, computer or another CD, for instance, as long as it is for your own personal use. When is making a copy of a published and copyrighted print product (book, sheet music, etc.) legal, and when is it not? Copying an entire book is never legal, unless: 1. You are given written permission from the publisher; 2. You are an educational institution copying sections of the work, with written permission from the publisher; 3. You are making one copy for your own records without distributing it. Why is Copyright Law so strict? When the Intellectual Property laws were in their infancy, in the 19th century, the United States was experiencing an Industrial Revolution, which led to many new patents being filed. This influenced the public’s outlook on ownership of creative matter. When this creative material started to be used for commercial purposes (jingles, books on issues of mass appeal, etc.), authors, composers and songwriters were often not given their due payment, as there were no laws to protect them and their property. The U.S. government started passing laws to help these artists. Speaking Jewishly, and as a not-for-profit religious institution, copyright infringement is not only illegal, but also a moral violation. Sales of products makes it possible to pay our authors, composers, artists and songwriters, therefore encouraging them to produce new works in the future. - Joel Eglash
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